Located in Pulaki, West Buleleng, Pura Pabean is more than just a Hindu temple; it embodies a rich history as a former port for sailors from diverse ethnicities centuries ago. Its architecture reflects a blend of Hindu, Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, and Islamic influences, with shrines from each tradition coexisting harmoniously. This fusion highlights Pura Pabean's role as a symbol of cultural and religious coexistence, making it an intriguing historical and architectural landmark.
The Trader's Sacrarium: Pura Pabean
The Patron Shrine of Custom Duties
The temple is also known by the formal name Pura Pabean Linggih Ida Batari Dewi Ayu Manik Mas Subandar, or by another title, Geriya Konco Dewi. The name "Pabean" is derived from the word "bea," with the prefix "pa" and suffix "an," signifying a place related to customs duties or taxes imposed on goods. Historically, Pura Pabean functioned as a customs port for foreign ships bringing their trade goods to Bali. Its location near the coast is a reminder of the ancient maritime activities that once flourished in this region.
The Grand Consecration
The current architectural form of Pura Pabean is the result of a renovation led by the architect Ida Bagus Tugur. The temple was restored around 1995, with major construction completed by 1999. A ceremonial relocation of the temple's deities, known as magingsir, took place in 1996, during which the deities were temporarily moved to the southern part of the site. The final consecration, ngenteg linggih, was held in 2002 during the Penampahan Galungan celebration. The temple is built primarily using black stone, giving it a striking and distinctive appearance.
Golden Trade Route
The history of Pura Pabean is intertwined with the broader historical narrative of the Buleleng coast, which has seen various phases of colonialism, the travels of revered priest Dang Hyang Dwijendra, and the reign of King Ki Barak Panji Sakti. This coastal region was also an important trade route, with ships from China, Bugis, Mandar, and Malay lands arriving to conduct commerce. These trading missions brought not only goods but also cultures and religions, which influenced the architectural and spiritual landscape of places like Pura Pabean.
The temple's layout follows the traditional Balinese temple zoning system, divided into three main zones: jaba sisi (outer), jaba tengah (middle), and jeroan (inner sanctum). The jaba sisi includes the path encircling the temple and the front courtyard, while the jaba tengah houses two symmetrical pavilions (Wantilan), a Bale Peninjauan, and a Bale Kulkul. The overall layout of the temple is symmetrical, representing balance, stability, and tranquility, with an axis that leads towards the mountain (kaja) and the sea (kelod), symbolizing the duality and harmony between land and sea.
Unity in Diversity
Pura Pabean’s architectural design embodies the principle of "Bhineka Tunggal Ika" or "Unity in Diversity," seen in the harmonious blend of religious influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Islam. The temple’s diverse shrines, including those dedicated to Dewi Kwan Im, reflect Bali's history of tolerance and inclusivity. At the heart of the temple stands the sacred Padmasana shrine, with intricate carvings and the sacred syllable "Ongkara" representing the Supreme Creator, surrounded by shrines honoring other deities.
One of the temple's standout features is its circular layout, symbolizing a turtle flanked by two sacred dragons, Anthaboga dan Basuki, aligning the earth and water elements. The temple’s Gelung Kori gate, adorned with seahorses and monkeys, adds to its exotic charm. Near the beach, two stone pavilions by Ida Bagus Tugur blend naturally with the surroundings, offering serene resting places for Dewa Ayu and Patih Agung.
Until this very moment, Pura Pabean continues to inspire reverence and awe, reminding all who visit of the timeless beauty of cultural harmony. Its unique blend of religious influences, captivating architecture, and deep historical roots make it more than just a place of worship—it’s a symbol of unity in diversity. Visitors to this sacred site are not only greeted by breathtaking views of the sea and mountains but also invited to reflect on the ancient connections that have shaped Bali’s past.
