Billy Bagus
Sep 23, 2025
In the heart of Gianyar, Bali, a temple stands as a landmark to peace, unity, and cultural resilience. Pura Samuan Tiga witnessed the gathering and reconciliation of Bali’s divided sects under the guidance of a king, a queen, and a sage. Layers of history, intricate architecture, and enduring traditions converge here, offering a rich glimpse into the roots of Balinese culture. Read on to uncover the hidden treasures and lasting legacy of Pura Samuan Tiga in Bali.
This sacred temple witnessed the gathering and reconciliation of Bali’s divided sects under the guidance of a king, a queen, and a sage.
Born from Conflict and Reconciliation
Dating back to the 10th century, Pura Samuan Tiga was originally called Pura Gunung Goak. At that time, Bali was fragmented by nine Hindu sects with differing beliefs and rituals. The disagreements created tension and unrest across the island.
King Udayana and Queen Mahendradata invited Mpu Kuturan to mediate. The gathering at Pura Gunung Goak became a decisive moment, as the sage guided the sect leaders toward common ground. From this reconciliation came the name Samuan Tiga, meaning “meeting of three,” symbolizing the union of diverse traditions within one spiritual framework.
The Concept of 'Kahyangan Tiga'
The meeting also established the Kahyangan Tiga system, which became the backbone of Balinese Hindu practice. Every village was to have three temples, each dedicated to one of the Hindu Trinity: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. This system reinforced religious harmony and shaped the desa pakraman, or traditional village organization, which continues to guide Balinese community life today.
A Masterpiece of Balinese Architecture
Pura Samuan Tiga showcases classical Balinese temple design. The complex is divided into three main courtyards, aligned with the sacred principles of Bhur, Bwah, and Svah, representing different layers of the cosmos. Within these courtyards lie seven mandalas known as Sapta Loka, adding further symbolic depth.
Red-brick gateways and stone shrines carry intricate carvings and guardian figures. Among them, the Karang Boma motif stands out as a powerful protector, warding off negative energies. The layout reflects the balance between human life, nature, and the divine.
Rituals, Traditions, and Living Heritage
Pura Samuan Tiga remains an active site of worship. One of its most striking ceremonies is Siat Sampian, held annually during the tenth full moon. In this ritual, devotees engage in a symbolic battle using woven coconut leaves, representing the eternal struggle between good and evil. The event draws communities together, blending devotion with spectacle.
The temple also houses relics such as the batu bergores, a grooved stone once used to sharpen weapons. Local lore tells of offerings placed on the stone that vanish mysteriously, adding an element of mystique.
Cultural and Natural Surroundings
Situated in Desa Bedulu, Gianyar, the temple is embraced by greenery and tranquil landscapes. Natural springs in the area provide holy water for ceremonies and reinforce the sense of purity associated with the site. The serene environment enhances the temple’s role as a center for reflection and cultural discovery.
Pura Samuan Tiga is recognized as a protected cultural heritage site under the Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Bali. Visitors are welcome to explore the grounds, with modest attire required. Sarongs are usually provided at the entrance. The temple is about an hour from Ngurah Rai International Airport, making it an accessible excursion from Ubud or Gianyar.
The history of Pura Samuan Tiga demonstrates Bali’s ability to transform conflict into harmony. The decisions made here over a thousand years ago continue to shape religious life, while the temple’s architecture and traditions draw admiration from travelers and scholars alike. For those who seek a deeper understanding of Balinese culture, the Temple of Three offers an unforgettable encounter with history, spirituality, and enduring unity.
