Hidden in the northern highlands of Bali, Sembiran Village stands as one of the island's most ancient settlements, preserving traditions and customs that predate the Majapahit Empire. Located in Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency, this village is home to the indigenous Bali Aga people, who continue to uphold their ancestral heritage through unique cultural practices, architecture, and rituals. Let's explore the remarkable aspects of this extraordinary village!
Located in Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency, this village is home to the indigenous Bali Aga people, who continue to uphold their ancestral heritage through unique cultural practices.
A Legacy Older Than Hindu Bali
Sembiran Village is believed to have existed since the megalithic era, long before Hinduism reached Bali. Unlike most Balinese communities influenced by Hindu-Javanese traditions, the Bali Aga people of Sembiran maintain a distinct way of life that reflects their prehistoric roots. Archaeological discoveries in the area, including ancient stone tools and megalithic artifacts, further validate the village’s deep historical significance. Additionally, ancient inscriptions written in Old Balinese and Kawi script found in Sembiran provide evidence of its early settlements and governance structures.
A Unique Burial Tradition
One of the most fascinating aspects of Sembiran Village is its burial tradition, which sets it apart from the majority of Balinese communities. While most of Bali follows the Hindu ngaben cremation ceremonies, Sembiran villagers historically practiced a different form of burial. They used to place their deceased on the ground with simple offerings, rather than performing cremation. This practice persisted until 1961 when modern influences led to gradual changes. Despite these shifts, the village still holds onto other age-old customs that define its identity.
Traditional Architecture and Village Layout
Sembiran’s traditional houses reflect an architectural style that has remained largely unchanged for centuries. The village is uniquely positioned between the northern coastline and the mountainous landscape to the south, creating a striking contrast where the hills appear to guard the settlement below. The homes are constructed in accordance with Bali Aga customs, using natural materials such as wood, bamboo, and thatch. Unlike the elaborate Hindu-influenced Balinese compounds, Sembiran houses are more simplistic and functional, preserving the indigenous design principles of Bali’s earliest inhabitants.
Sembiran Village is home to several ancient temples that serve as spiritual and communal centers for the Bali Aga people. Three primary temples—Pura Puseh, Dulu Temple, and Dalem Temple—are integral to village rituals and ceremonies. These temples are not just places of worship but also serve as cultural hubs where traditions are passed down through generations. In addition, the village is surrounded by a protective stone wall known as Kuta Kurung, believed to safeguard the community from external threats.
Preserving Ancestral Dances and Rituals
Sembiran is renowned for its sacred dances, which are performed exclusively during auspicious ceremonies. Traditional performances such as Rejang Sembiran, Baris Dadap, Baris Presi, and Baris Jojor are deeply rooted in the village’s spiritual and cultural life. These dances are considered offerings to the gods and ancestors, showcasing intricate movements and vibrant costumes that embody Bali Aga traditions. Unlike mainstream Balinese dances, these performances are rarely seen outside the village, making them a rare cultural gem.
The Birthplace of the Gamelan
Sembiran is also recognized as a significant site in the development of Balinese music. It is believed to be one of the early centers for the creation of the gamelan, the traditional Balinese orchestra that accompanies religious ceremonies, dances, and performances. The distinct sounds of the gamelan are deeply embedded in the village’s cultural landscape, and its rhythmic melodies continue to echo through generations.
Despite modern developments reaching other parts of Bali, Sembiran remains a stronghold of traditional Bali Aga culture. The villagers have their own dialect, a unique calendar system, and customary laws (awig-awig) that regulate daily life. These unwritten rules are deeply respected and help maintain harmony within the community.
Archaeologists and historians frequently visit Sembiran to study its wealth of prehistoric artifacts and cultural legacies. The village’s importance extends beyond tourism—it serves as a vital link to understanding Bali’s ancient history.
