Surabaya, Indonesia’s second-largest city, is steeped in both history and legend, its name symbolizing resilience and power. As the “City of Heroes,” Surabaya played a pivotal role in Indonesia’s independence, but its story goes even further back, drawing from a deep well of historical events and mythological tales that continue to define the city’s identity.
Surabaya’s Name Exudes Legendary Strength
Mythical Creatures and Historical Victory
The name “Surabaya” originates from the Javanese words “suro” (shark) and “boyo” (crocodile), representing two powerful creatures believed to have fought for control of the region. This legendary battle is thought to reflect the conflict between Mongol invaders and the Javanese forces led by Raden Wijaya, founder of the Majapahit Empire. In 1293, the Javanese defeated Kublai Khan’s forces, and Surabaya emerged victorious, its name reflecting the city’s triumph over external threats.
According to another interpretation, the name “Surabaya” symbolizes the city’s ability to overcome danger. The phrase “sura ing baya” translates to “braving the danger”, reflecting the early settlement’s resilience in the face of environmental and political challenges. This dual interpretation, mythical and historical, highlights the lasting significance that Surabaya’s name has come to represent.
Adding to the lore is the story of the “white crocodile”, or “boyo putih”, said to inhabit the waters near Pintu Air Jagir, a flood control site from the Dutch colonial era. According to local belief, this crocodile spirit protects the area, and its sightings are linked to mysterious disappearances. While this urban legend may seem far-fetched, it highlights Surabaya’s strong connection to myth and its protective symbolism.
Eternal Struggle and Triumph
The city’s most recognizable landmark, the Suroboyo monument, vividly depicts the struggle between a shark and a crocodile. This statue is a tribute to the origin of the city’s name and symbolizes Surabaya’s indomitable spirit. The pose of the animals, the shark lunging upward and the crocodile twisting defensively, represents an eternal struggle, echoing the challenges the city has faced and overcome throughout its history.
Today, Surabaya is a thriving modern city, but it never loses sight of its storied past. The legends of Sura and Baya, alongside Surabaya’s historical battles, reflect the city’s strength and rich cultural heritage. Surabaya’s resilience drives its people, making it more than a city of heroes, but a city with a lasting legacy.